I have located the CSS properties that are causing this issue. In the Decode theme's style.css file, the comment-form class contains the following two properties at the beginning of the class:
display:-webkit-box;
display:-webkit-flex;
Commenting out these two properties from the comment-form class fixes the problem. If either of these properties are present in the comment-form class AND Jetpack Comments are enabled, the crash occurs.
This narrows down the problem considerably, although it still does not pinpoint the specific conflict between Decode and Jetpack Comments.